History: Krishna, born to Devaki and Vasudeva in a prison cell, was destined to overthrow King Kansa. His great-grandson, Vajranabh, built the first temple at Katra Keshavdeva, a spiritually significant site. Archaeological finds reveal artifacts from the 6th century BCE. A Vaishnava temple existed by the first century CE, later reconstructed by Gupta Emperor Chandragupta II in the 4th century. Subsequent dynasties, including the Rashtrakutas, enhanced it, as 8th-century inscriptions indicate. This site, rich in history, reflects India’s diverse religious and cultural heritage.
The temple’s turbulent history continued into the medieval period. In 1018 AD, Mahmud of Ghazni plundered Mathura, destroying temples and looting treasures. Later, a Vishnu temple was erected in 1150 AD, described in inscriptions as “brilliantly white and reaching the heavens.” The 16th century saw further devastation under Delhi Sultan Sikandar Lodi, who restricted Hindu practices and destroyed temples. By the early 17th century, Raja Veer Singh Dev Bundela of Orchha built a magnificent red sandstone temple during the reign of Mughal ruler Jehangir. This structure attracted travelers like Frenchman Tavernier and Italian Niccolao Manucci, who marveled at its grandeur. However, Aurangzeb ordered its destruction in 1670 AD, replacing it with the Shahi Eidgah mosque.
In the 19th century, Mathura's Katra land was auctioned by the British and acquired by Raja Patnimal of Banaras. Though he couldn't rebuild the temple, his descendants preserved the land amidst legal battles. In 1944, Madan Mohan Malaviya secured it with industrialist Jugal Kishore Birla’s support. Birla later founded the Shri Krishna Janmasthan Seva Sansthan Trust in 1951. The temple's construction, led by philanthropist Jaidayal Dalmia, began in 1953 and concluded in 1982. The trust continues to manage this sacred site.
Architecture: The present Krishna Janmasthan Temple complex is a sprawling architectural marvel, blending traditional and modern design elements. Built with intricately carved sandstone, the temple features beautiful arches, mandapams and spires. The main temple rises to a height of approximately 50 meters, with spacious halls for devotees and intricately carved pillars. The complex includes other temples, prayer halls, and a museum showcasing artifacts related to Krishna and Mathura. The shrines within the temple complex are dedicated to different deities associated with Lord Krishna. The temple complex has three holy shrines – Keshavdev Temple, Garbha Griha and Bhagvat Bhavan.
Keshavdev Temple: Built in memory of Jadiadevi Dalmia, the mother of Ramkrishna Dalmia, the Keshavdev Temple’s construction commenced in 1957 and was inaugurated in 1958. This temple, situated south of the Shahi Eidgah, is a testament to the enduring devotion to Krishna.
Garbha Griha: The Garbha Griha marks the sanctum sanctorum believed to be the prison cell where Krishna was born. The birthplace is marked by a stone slab and is a serene, dimly lit chamber that evokes a sense of divine presence. A marble pavilion and an underground chamber now commemorate this sacred spot. A shrine dedicated to Yogmaya, an eight-handed goddess, stands nearby.
Bhagavat Bhavan: Dedicated to the Shrimad Bhagavat, the construction of this temple began in 1965 and concluded in 1982. Its five shrines include Radha and Krishna as the primary deities, alongside shrines for Balarama, Subhadra, Jagannatha, and others. Intricate frescoes depict Krishna’s life, while the Bhagavad Gita’s text is engraved on copper plates adorning the walls. Statues of Malaviya and Birla honor their contributions.
About 200 meters away from Krishna Janmasthan Temple is located a pond, called the Potra Kund or Pavitra Kund. It is a large stepped water tank southeast of the temple and said to be where Krishna’s first bath took place. Built by Mahadji Scindia in 1782 AD, it was later restored in 1850 AD.
Cultural Events and Celebrations: Krishna Janmasthan Temple is a vibrant cultural hub, hosting numerous festivals and events throughout the year. Celebrated with unmatched fervour, Janmashtami marks the birth of Lord Krishna. The temple is adorned with lights and flowers, and the atmosphere resonates with devotional songs and dances. Holi, the festival of colours, in Mathura is celebrated with great enthusiasm, reflecting Krishna’s playful nature. Radhashtami festival honours Radha, Krishna’s consort, and includes special prayers and cultural programs. Bhagavat Saptaah, a week-long recitation of the “Bhagavata Purana”, is organized, drawing scholars and devotees from across the globe.
The Krishna Janmasthan Temple is approximately 150 kilometers south of Delhi. It is easily accessible by road, rail, and air. The temple’s central location makes it a focal point for devotees visiting Mathura. The temple is not just a religious site but a symbol of cultural resilience and spiritual devotion. Its history—marked by grandeur, destruction, and reconstruction—mirrors the broader narrative of India’s cultural heritage. For devotees and history enthusiasts alike, the temple offers a profound connection to the divine and a glimpse into the enduring legacy of Lord Krishna’s birthplace.